カテゴリー
1939 “CHALLENGER” MOZAMBIQUE. On the 1st May 1939, the もっと見る
1939 “CHALLENGER” MOZAMBIQUE. On the 1st May 1939, the Imperial
Airways Short S23 Class Flying Boat “Challenger” struck a boat
while coming in to land at Lumbo, in Mozambique, killing two
members of the crew. The mail was recovered and forwarded on the
flying boat ‘Canopus’. Mail was processed on arrival in South
Africa. This cover from Southampton has the boxed two line
bilingual – English and Afrikaans - explanatory
cachet. In the lower left corner is a circular handstamp with a knight in armour with a sword and 'CHALLENGER' written around the top. Could this have been an envelope from on board the plane?
1931 CAROLINA , BRAZIL. On 3 February 1931 a Pan American もっと見る
1931 CAROLINA , BRAZIL. On 3 February 1931 a Pan American Grace
Airways Fairchild FC-2 was en route from Rio de Janeiro to New York
when it crashed at Carolina, Brazil. There were no fatalities but
the recovered mail was badly damaged by fire. This cover to
England, endorsed ‘via New York’ was in this incident. Very
uncommon
1954 PHILIPPINES AIRLINES DOUGLAS DC6, ROME. On its’ approach もっと見る
1954 PHILIPPINES AIRLINES DOUGLAS DC6, ROME. On its’ approach into
Ciampino Airport, Rome, the aircraft went into a steep dive and
crashed into the ground killing all on board. Severe turbulence was
suggested as to the cause of the crash. This badly burned cover
from Japan to London has the Italian cachet ‘Corrispondenza
recuperate in sequito / incidente aero del 14 GEN 1954’. There is
also a red manuscript ‘Salvaged From P.A.L. Aircraft Crash’ and
initialled
1954 PHILIPPINES AIRLINES DOUGLAS DC6, ROME. On its’ approach もっと見る
1954 PHILIPPINES AIRLINES DOUGLAS DC6, ROME. On its’ approach into
Ciampino Airport, Rome, the aircraft went into a steep dive and
crashed into the ground killing all on board. Severe turbulence was
suggested as to the cause of the crash. This badly burned cover
from Japan to London has a black ‘AIRCRAFT CRASH / DAMAGED IN
P.A.L. AIRCRAFT CRASH’ and a purple ‘DAMAGED IN / P.A.L. AIRCRAFT
CRASH’ both on the front of the cover.
1971 apparently social/commercial stampless cover from France もっと見る
1971 apparently social/commercial stampless cover from France with
"Par Avion" scored-out, to "Cocoanuts Company/Santo" with
combination franking of 1957 'POSTAGE DUE' 20c & 'TIMBRE-TAXE' 20c
tied by French 'SANTO/19-9-71/...' cds. Superb
![オークション]](/jp/images/philasearch/ico_people.png "オークション")
23.3.1938, Air France Flug über die Südamerikaroute und Absturz もっと見る
23.3.1938, Air France Flug über die Südamerikaroute und Absturz über den Pyrenäen. Brief aus Chile nach Deutschland, Umschlag weitgehend verbrannt wurde in extra Umschlag weitergeleitet. selten!
NEW YORK. A small 1954 envelope from Messina, Italy, (16.12.1954)
to もっと見る NEW YORK. A small 1954 envelope from Messina, Italy, (16.12.1954) to New York that was on a flight that crashed into Jamaica Bay on December 19 after circling the airport for 2½ hours. A violet two line ‘Damaged due to air mail interruption / near N.Y. Int’l Airport DEC 19 1954’ cachet is on the front of the cover. The DC-6 was on its 4th attempt to land at New York-Idlewild when it struck the pier which supported the left row of runway 04 slope line approach lights. The aircraft crashed in flames and sank in Jamaica Bay. The aircraft was on a flight from Roma-Ciampino to New York via Milan, Paris, Shannon, Gander and Boston. 26 of the 32 passengers and crew were killed
KATHERINE RIVER. On 18 January 1939 the Guinea Airways もっと見る
KATHERINE RIVER. On 18 January 1939 the Guinea Airways plane
“Koranga” hit a tree on take off from Katherine, near Darwin, and
crashed into the Katherine River killing all four crew members.
This cover from Catterick Camp in Yorkshire to Freemantle in
Western Australia has an explanatory label, printed and affixed in
Perth
CITY OF DELHI, 1932. The City of Basra was carrying mail on the
first もっと見る CITY OF DELHI, 1932. The City of Basra was carrying mail on the first regular service to the U.K. that left Cape Town on 27 January 1932, but while taxiing got a wheel stuck in soft earth on the runway and was damaged. The mail was then transferred to the City of Delhi but that encountered a violent storm and was forced to land in a swamp 50 miles from Broken Hill, Rhodesia. Aircraft were sent out in search of the City of Delhi and a ground party reached it on 1st February. The mail was sent by native bearers to Broken Hill where it was put on the City of Baghdad for the flight to London. An interesting cover that needed three flights to get to its destination due to two damaged planes. This cover from Cape Town (27 JAN) was sent to Broken Hill, Northern Rhodesia where it received an arrival backstamp of 4 FEB 32, 8 days after its’ departure
1974 aerogramme to Johannesburg with a K.U.T. 70c cancelled もっと見る
1974 aerogramme to Johannesburg with a K.U.T. 70c cancelled NAIROBI
19 NOV 1974. A violet bilingual "RECOVERED FROM AIR CRASH ON 20
NOVEMBER 1974 AT NAIROBI / HERWEN VAN LUGRAMP OP 20 NOVEMBER 1974
TE NAIROBI." cachet is on the front of the aerogramme. This letter
was on Lufthansa Flight 540 that crashed shortly after take-off
from Nairobi, killing 59 of the 157 passengers and crew
Lebanon 1958 Incoming Panorama Picture Postcard “Versailles もっと見る
Lebanon 1958 Incoming Panorama Picture Postcard “Versailles France”
Sent via Airmail ex Paris France to Beyrouth Charged 25piastres &
Pair 5piastres Postage Dues Scott J42, J65 Tied CDS; SCARCE & VERY
FINE (2-17113)
China: Airmails: 1937 (May 22) Paris-Shanghai by French もっと見る
China: Airmails: 1937 (May 22) Paris-Shanghai by French Aviators
Doret and Micheletti, signed by the Pilot, rare as stated only 15
covers were carried. Photo
China: Airmails: 1926 (June 11) record breaking flight by もっと見る
China: Airmails: 1926 (June 11) record breaking flight by French
Aviators D’Oisy and Carol from Paris-Peking, flown card, very rare
as only 25 cards were flown. Photo
1935, from Rabat to Limoges, official military cover from the
French もっと見る 1935, from Rabat to Limoges, official military cover from the French protectorate forces in Morocco, franked with 30c brown airmail stamp depicting Casablanca harbor, tied by RABAT MAROC postmark dated 28.2.35, backstamped with large boxed bilingual arrival cancel VIN MAROCAIN RABAT 10.3.35, sender marking at upper left reading ETAT-MAJOR TROUPE DU MAROC LE COMMISSAIRE DU RESEAU DES CHEMINS DE FER MAROCAINS, alongside circular military cachet COMMANDEMENT SUPERIEUR DES TROUPES DU MAROC LE COMMANDANT DU QUARTIER GENERAL, manuscript notation Par Avion in red, blue ink civilian address to a notary in Limoges, official military mail likely related to transport or logistics operations involving French colonial infrastructure, a fine and clean example of French military postal activity in North Africa during the interwar period, Ex Kugel, VF! Estimate 200€.
During Aftersale - 10% discount possible!
Fr.- Marocco, 1928, 1 Fr. - Lupo, als EF auf Lupo- Auslandsbrief
von もっと見る Fr.- Marocco, 1928, 1 Fr. - Lupo, als EF auf Lupo- Auslandsbrief von Casablanca nach Paris
Bedarfserhaltung; Umschlag hat dezenten senkr. Bug (nur rs. zu sehen), Marke nicht betroffen!
1925, From RABAT (MAROC) to Angoulême (Charente), France, もっと見る
1925, From RABAT (MAROC) to Angoulême (Charente), France, airmail
cover franked with 50c olive-green French Morocco airmail issue
(Type I, aircraft SERVICE POSTAL AERIEN), cancelled POSTE AUX
ARMEES / 417 dated 26 10 25, backstamped transit and arrival
ANGOULÊME CHARENTE 7* 30.X 1925 and RABAT R.P. MAROC 1130 27 10 25,
sender cachet of 16E RÉGIMENT DE TIRAILLEURS ALGÉRIENS / 1ST
BATAILLON indicating military origin, handwritten endorsement FM
(Franchise militaire), but franked for airmail surcharge, early
military airmail usage from colonial North Africa, sharp postmarks
and regimental cachet, ex Kugel, VF Estimate 400€.
During Aftersale - 10% discount possible!
FRENCH COLONIES French Morocco Flight Covers 1928-1948 also もっと見る
FRENCH COLONIES French Morocco Flight Covers 1928-1948 also other
French Colonies, selection of five first flight covers and cards,
including 1928 Rabat to Montevideo, 1937 Dakar to Paris (special
Air France postcard), Djibouti to Paris ("Avion Japy"), Abidjan to
Dakar, plus 1948 Saigon to Sydney, mixed condition, minor flaws
noted, fine lot
Libanon /(FRZ Post in), 1925, 20 Pia. Überdr.- Marken MiF, auf もっと見る
Libanon /(FRZ Post in), 1925, 20 Pia. Überdr.- Marken MiF, auf R.-
Express- Lupo- Auslandbrief vpn Beyrout nach Cairo
Rs. mit Treansit- und Ankunftsstempel, Bedarfserhaltung; (leichte- mittlere Transport- und Lagerungsspuren, kl. Falzanhaftungen) Selten!
POSTAL HISTORY: 1954 (Feb 15) usage of Danish formular aerogramme
to もっと見る POSTAL HISTORY: 1954 (Feb 15) usage of Danish formular aerogramme to Denmark with a short greetings message inside and Australia KGVI 7½d blue tied by largely very fine 'MAWSON/A.N.A.R.E./15FE54/ AUST-ANTARCTIC TERR' cds cancel, taxed with Melbourne 'T/"15"c' octagonal handstamp, on arrival rated "45" on blue pencil and Danish Postage Dues 5o green & 10o orange x4 including a strip of 3 affixed on the face tied by three very fine 'RODBY/-6.4.54' cds cancels. The Australian aerogramme rate applied from the AAT, and this was increased from 7d to 10d on 1.8.1952
1946 registered airmail envelope addressed to Boston U.S.A. Franked
2 もっと見る 1946 registered airmail envelope addressed to Boston U.S.A. Franked 2 x 1/- and a single 2/6 adhesive tied "NUKUALOFA" c.d.s. '24 OC 46'
Gran Bretaña (Great Britain). 1924, Oct. 10. Envelope up to 75
grams もっと見る Gran Bretaña (Great Britain). 1924, Oct. 10. Envelope up to 75 grams from London to Bogota franked by Consular Mail "G.B." 1923 1p and 50c, handstamped in violet, the latter with inverted overprint, additionally franked with Colombian national postage 5c and 10c, all tied in transit by "Servicio Postal Aéreo Scadta/Barranquilla" cds's, backstamped on receipt. The only cover recorded bearing this 50 centavos with inverted overprint. Ex Toro Pinzón
1St Imperial Airways Experimental Flight cover to Australia with もっと見る
1St Imperial Airways Experimental Flight cover to Australia with a
1/- and 4d cancelled BRISTOL APR 2 31. The flight left London on
April 4 and was due to arrive in Melbourne on April 20 but only
arrived on the 29th. This cover has been signed by Charles
Kingsford Smith who carried the mail on part of the journey from
Akyab to Darwin. This flight ran out of fuel at Soepang so was
delayed. The cover has a Melbourne 29 APR 1931 backstamp. B.P.A.
certificate of authenticity
1950 (Aug 4) airmail envelope from England with KGVI 1/- brown もっと見る
1950 (Aug 4) airmail envelope from England with KGVI 1/- brown tied
by Torquay Devon machine cancel, to "ER Leigh Parkin Esq, c/o Cable
& Wireless Ltd, FOR COCOS, PO Box 146, Singapore" with very fine
strike of 'COCOS IS/("20 8 50")/PER ("Frigate")' handstamp in
violet on the reverse, small closed tear clear of the arrival
marking and a few minor transmission marks. Carried by airmail to
Singapore and onwards by Royal Naval Frigate HMS 'Glen Dhu'
arriving at Cocos on 20.8.1950 (or 22.8.1950 ?)
1931, Wilkins Ellsworth Trans Arctic Submarine Expedition, もっと見る
1931, Wilkins Ellsworth Trans Arctic Submarine Expedition, großes
Sonder-Cachet auf Brief mit Zweiländer-Mischfrankatur
Großbritannien/USA
Automatically generated translation:
1931, Wilkins Ellsworth Trans Arctic Submarine expedition, large special Cachet on cover with two countries mixed franking Great Britain / USA
1931, Wilkins Ellsworth Trans Arctic Submarine Expedition, もっと見る
1931, Wilkins Ellsworth Trans Arctic Submarine Expedition, großes
Sonder-Cachet auf Luftpostbrief mit Zweiländer-Mischfrankatur
Großbritannien/USA
Automatically generated translation:
1931, Wilkins Ellsworth Trans Arctic Submarine expedition, large special Cachet on air mail letter with two countries mixed franking Great Britain / USA
1951 (April 25) airmail envelope from Great Britain with London もっと見る
1951 (April 25) airmail envelope from Great Britain with London 1/-
meter in red, to "The Librarian, Staff Library, Cocos Islands,
Cable & Wireless Ltd, PO Box 146, Singapore", makeshift typed
'QANTAS/SURVEY FLIGHT/CATALINA/VH-EBA/DARWIN-COCOS/VIA DJAKARTA'
label tied to the reverse by a superb complete strike of 'C&W
LTD/30MAY1951/COCOS' arrival backstamp, small closed tear clear of
the label & arrival marking and a few minor transmission marks.
Colin Riddell's similar example - with KGVI 1/- stamp - sold at our
auction of 3.3.2019 for $1357 (Sale 233 Lot 2458)
Rhodesia & Nyasaland
Southern Rhodesia: 1934 (7 Mar) airmail cover もっと見る Rhodesia & Nyasaland
Southern Rhodesia: 1934 (7 Mar) airmail cover to Limbe, Nyasaland franked two 2d Victoria Falls tied Salisbury cds, violet handstamp FIRST OFFICIAL AIR MAIL at left, straight-line S.RHODESIA and NYASALAND handstamps, reverse with arrival cancels of 9 Mar. (E00068)
British East Africa
British East Africa: 1940-41 stampless on active もっと見る British East Africa
British East Africa: 1940-41 stampless on active service censored Royal Air Force cover to Nairobi, Kenya (B29018)
India
Bahrain: 1932 (14 December). Commercial airmail cover to もっと見る India
Bahrain: 1932 (14 December). Commercial airmail cover to London franked with block of eight 1a and 1/2an KGV India stamps tied by BAHRAIN datestamps. (B26593)
Pakistan
Pakistan: 1949 (22 February). 6a Pakistan overprinted India もっと見る Pakistan
Pakistan: 1949 (22 February). 6a Pakistan overprinted India Air Letter to Surbiton struck by Sialkot datestamp. Reverse same day transit cds’s. Long message in English. (B29854)
David Morrison
ロットG3602 (D)
cachet. In the lower left corner is a circular handstamp with a knight in armour with a sword and 'CHALLENGER' written around the top. Could this have been an envelope from on board the plane?
販売価格
125.00 GBP
(app. 143 EUR)
(app. 143 EUR)
David Morrison
ロットG3581 (D)
販売価格
75.00 GBP
(app. 86 EUR)
(app. 86 EUR)
David Morrison
ロットG3612 (D)
販売価格
125.00 GBP
(app. 143 EUR)
(app. 143 EUR)
David Morrison
ロットG3613 (D)
販売価格
125.00 GBP
(app. 143 EUR)
(app. 143 EUR)
Abacus Auctions
ロット2500
115.00 AUD
(app. 66 EUR)
2026/01/04 23:59 AEDT
(app. 66 EUR)
Christ Stamps
ロット3200707343
＋4枚
販売価格
150.00 EUR
David Morrison
ロットG4849
to もっと見る NEW YORK. A small 1954 envelope from Messina, Italy, (16.12.1954) to New York that was on a flight that crashed into Jamaica Bay on December 19 after circling the airport for 2½ hours. A violet two line ‘Damaged due to air mail interruption / near N.Y. Int’l Airport DEC 19 1954’ cachet is on the front of the cover. The DC-6 was on its 4th attempt to land at New York-Idlewild when it struck the pier which supported the left row of runway 04 slope line approach lights. The aircraft crashed in flames and sank in Jamaica Bay. The aircraft was on a flight from Roma-Ciampino to New York via Milan, Paris, Shannon, Gander and Boston. 26 of the 32 passengers and crew were killed
販売価格
115.00 GBP
(app. 132 EUR)
(app. 132 EUR)
David Morrison
ロットG4717
販売価格
180.00 GBP
(app. 207 EUR)
(app. 207 EUR)
David Morrison
ロットG4193
first もっと見る CITY OF DELHI, 1932. The City of Basra was carrying mail on the first regular service to the U.K. that left Cape Town on 27 January 1932, but while taxiing got a wheel stuck in soft earth on the runway and was damaged. The mail was then transferred to the City of Delhi but that encountered a violent storm and was forced to land in a swamp 50 miles from Broken Hill, Rhodesia. Aircraft were sent out in search of the City of Delhi and a ground party reached it on 1st February. The mail was sent by native bearers to Broken Hill where it was put on the City of Baghdad for the flight to London. An interesting cover that needed three flights to get to its destination due to two damaged planes. This cover from Cape Town (27 JAN) was sent to Broken Hill, Northern Rhodesia where it received an arrival backstamp of 4 FEB 32, 8 days after its’ departure
販売価格
90.00 GBP
(app. 103 EUR)
(app. 103 EUR)
David Morrison
ロットG2969 (D)
販売価格
75.00 GBP
(app. 86 EUR)
(app. 86 EUR)
CompuStamp
ロット9990
販売価格
150.00 USD
(app. 128 EUR)
(app. 128 EUR)
Grosvenor Auctions
ロット493
250.00 GBP
(app. 287 EUR)
2025/12/04 08:00 GMT
(app. 287 EUR)
Grosvenor Auctions
ロット469
250.00 GBP
(app. 287 EUR)
2025/12/04 08:00 GMT
(app. 287 EUR)
classicphil
ロット6761 •
French もっと見る 1935, from Rabat to Limoges, official military cover from the French protectorate forces in Morocco, franked with 30c brown airmail stamp depicting Casablanca harbor, tied by RABAT MAROC postmark dated 28.2.35, backstamped with large boxed bilingual arrival cancel VIN MAROCAIN RABAT 10.3.35, sender marking at upper left reading ETAT-MAJOR TROUPE DU MAROC LE COMMISSAIRE DU RESEAU DES CHEMINS DE FER MAROCAINS, alongside circular military cachet COMMANDEMENT SUPERIEUR DES TROUPES DU MAROC LE COMMANDANT DU QUARTIER GENERAL, manuscript notation Par Avion in red, blue ink civilian address to a notary in Limoges, official military mail likely related to transport or logistics operations involving French colonial infrastructure, a fine and clean example of French military postal activity in North Africa during the interwar period, Ex Kugel, VF! Estimate 200€.
During Aftersale - 10% discount possible!
ONLINE LIVE
30.00 EUR
2026/02/28 CET
Briefmarken- und Münzenhaus Finn
ロット2690
von もっと見る Fr.- Marocco, 1928, 1 Fr. - Lupo, als EF auf Lupo- Auslandsbrief von Casablanca nach Paris
Bedarfserhaltung; Umschlag hat dezenten senkr. Bug (nur rs. zu sehen), Marke nicht betroffen!
販売価格
20.00 EUR
classicphil
ロット6760 •
During Aftersale - 10% discount possible!
ONLINE LIVE
50.00 EUR
2026/02/28 CET
Cherrystone Auction
ロット424
230.00 USD
(app. 197 EUR)
2026/01/07 12:00 EST
(app. 197 EUR)
Briefmarken- und Münzenhaus Finn
ロット9222
Rs. mit Treansit- und Ankunftsstempel, Bedarfserhaltung; (leichte- mittlere Transport- und Lagerungsspuren, kl. Falzanhaftungen) Selten!
販売価格
80.00 EUR
Abacus Auctions
ロット2039
＋1枚
to もっと見る POSTAL HISTORY: 1954 (Feb 15) usage of Danish formular aerogramme to Denmark with a short greetings message inside and Australia KGVI 7½d blue tied by largely very fine 'MAWSON/A.N.A.R.E./15FE54/ AUST-ANTARCTIC TERR' cds cancel, taxed with Melbourne 'T/"15"c' octagonal handstamp, on arrival rated "45" on blue pencil and Danish Postage Dues 5o green & 10o orange x4 including a strip of 3 affixed on the face tied by three very fine 'RODBY/-6.4.54' cds cancels. The Australian aerogramme rate applied from the AAT, and this was increased from 7d to 10d on 1.8.1952
320.00 AUD
(app. 185 EUR)
Sold
(app. 185 EUR)
Chris Rainey
ロット3810
2 もっと見る 1946 registered airmail envelope addressed to Boston U.S.A. Franked 2 x 1/- and a single 2/6 adhesive tied "NUKUALOFA" c.d.s. '24 OC 46'
販売価格
75.00 GBP
(app. 86 EUR)
(app. 86 EUR)
David Feldman S. A. Geneva
ロット30170
SC
CLGB34 (var), CLGB36
grams もっと見る Gran Bretaña (Great Britain). 1924, Oct. 10. Envelope up to 75 grams from London to Bogota franked by Consular Mail "G.B." 1923 1p and 50c, handstamped in violet, the latter with inverted overprint, additionally franked with Colombian national postage 5c and 10c, all tied in transit by "Servicio Postal Aéreo Scadta/Barranquilla" cds's, backstamped on receipt. The only cover recorded bearing this 50 centavos with inverted overprint. Ex Toro Pinzón
150.00 CHF
(app. 162 EUR)
2025/12/06 14:00 CET
(app. 162 EUR)
David Morrison
ロットG3045 (D)
販売価格
225.00 GBP
(app. 258 EUR)
(app. 258 EUR)
Abacus Auctions
ロット2050
＋1枚
300.00 AUD
(app. 173 EUR)
Sold
(app. 173 EUR)
Berliner Auktionshaus Schlegel
ロット6116
Automatically generated translation:
1931, Wilkins Ellsworth Trans Arctic Submarine expedition, large special Cachet on cover with two countries mixed franking Great Britain / USA
LIVE!
50.00 EUR
2026/01/06 CET
Berliner Auktionshaus Schlegel
ロット6115
Automatically generated translation:
1931, Wilkins Ellsworth Trans Arctic Submarine expedition, large special Cachet on air mail letter with two countries mixed franking Great Britain / USA
LIVE!
50.00 EUR
2026/01/06 CET
Abacus Auctions
ロット2053
＋1枚
750.00 AUD
(app. 433 EUR)
2026/01/04 23:59 AEDT
(app. 433 EUR)
Balkanphila
ロット25725
Southern Rhodesia: 1934 (7 Mar) airmail cover もっと見る Rhodesia & Nyasaland
Southern Rhodesia: 1934 (7 Mar) airmail cover to Limbe, Nyasaland franked two 2d Victoria Falls tied Salisbury cds, violet handstamp FIRST OFFICIAL AIR MAIL at left, straight-line S.RHODESIA and NYASALAND handstamps, reverse with arrival cancels of 9 Mar. (E00068)
販売価格
30.00 GBP
(app. 34 EUR)
(app. 34 EUR)
Balkanphila
ロット26507
British East Africa: 1940-41 stampless on active もっと見る British East Africa
British East Africa: 1940-41 stampless on active service censored Royal Air Force cover to Nairobi, Kenya (B29018)
販売価格
30.00 GBP
(app. 34 EUR)
(app. 34 EUR)
Balkanphila
ロット24669
Bahrain: 1932 (14 December). Commercial airmail cover to もっと見る India
Bahrain: 1932 (14 December). Commercial airmail cover to London franked with block of eight 1a and 1/2an KGV India stamps tied by BAHRAIN datestamps. (B26593)
販売価格
85.00 GBP
(app. 98 EUR)
(app. 98 EUR)
Balkanphila
ロット27430
Pakistan: 1949 (22 February). 6a Pakistan overprinted India もっと見る Pakistan
Pakistan: 1949 (22 February). 6a Pakistan overprinted India Air Letter to Surbiton struck by Sialkot datestamp. Reverse same day transit cds’s. Long message in English. (B29854)
販売価格
35.00 GBP
(app. 40 EUR)
(app. 40 EUR)
Y年m月d日＠H：i